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🌍 Geography UPSC 12 Nov 2026 1 min read

Krishnaraja Sagar Dam and Brindavan Gardens: Hydro-Engineering Legacy of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Cauvery Basin Governance

Quiz (3) Mains (1) Comments

The iconic Krishnaraja Sagar (KRS) Dam and adjacent Brindavan Gardens in Mandya district, Karnataka, stand as a testament to pioneering hydro-engineering in the Cauvery River basin. Commissioned during the reign of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV and designed by Sir M. Visvesvaraya, the reservoir remains central to interstate water administration.

Key Facts & Structural Details

Location: Situated across the Cauvery River below the confluence of rivers Hemavati and Lakshmana Tirtha in Mandya District, Karnataka.
Historical Background: Constructed between 1911 and 1931 under the reign of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV of Mysore, with Sir M. Visvesvaraya as Chief Engineer.
Brindavan Gardens: A terrace garden laid out in 1927 by Sir Mirza Ismail, the Dewan of Mysore, inspired by the Shalimar Gardens of Kashmir.
Primary Function: Supplies drinking water to Bengaluru and Mysuru, irrigates the Mandya agricultural belt, and regulates downstream water releases to Tamil Nadu's Mettur Dam (Stanley Reservoir).

Interstate River Governance Context

Cauvery River Basin: Originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Range of Karnataka's Kodagu district, flowing 800 km through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Puducherry before emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar.
Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA): Constituted under Section 6A of the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956, pursuant to the Supreme Court judgment of February 2018 to regulate water storage and releases.

Static GK Linkages

Sir M. Visvesvaraya: Awarded Bharat Ratna in 1955; his birth anniversary on September 15 is observed nationwide as National Engineers' Day.
Cauvery Tributaries: Left bank: Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathi. Right bank: Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Suvarnavathi, Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravati.

Test yourself

Mains Questions (1)

1 15 Marks 250 Words

Critically evaluate the institutional mechanisms governing inter-state water disputes in India with special reference to the Cauvery River basin.

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