Human developement index 2023 tnpsc

Human Development Index (HDI)

United Nations Development Programme has been publishing Human Development Report annually since 1990. HDI helped the government to the real uplifting of standard of living of the people.

Human Development Index (HDI)

HDI was developed by the Pakistani Economist Mahbub ul Haq and the Indian Economist Amartya Kumar Sen in 1990 and was published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

It is constructed based on

1. Life Expectancy Index
2. Education Index
3. GDP Per Capita.

HDI is based on the following three indicators

1. Longevity is measured by life expectancy at birth,
2. Educational attainments,
3. Standard of living, measured by real GDP per capita (PPP$).

Before calculating HDI, the fixed minimum and maximum values of each indicator are chosen. The performance in each dimension is expressed as a value between 0 and 1 by applying the following formula

Dimension Index = (Actual value– Minimum value) / (Maximum value -Minimum value)

HDI Rank of India 2023
This score is a remarkable improvement compared to the South Asian region’s average value of 0.508 and is close to the world average of 0.465, and India ranks 132 out of 191 countries.

Top 10 Countries Names with the Highest Human Development Index (HDI) – 2022
Human Development Index Rank report is given below.

Switzerland — .962
Norway — .961
Iceland — .959
Hong Kong (China) — .952
Australia — .951
Denmark — .948
Sweden — .947
Ireland — .945
Germany — .942
Netherlands — .941

 

UNDP’s Human Development Index HDI: Notably

• For the first time on record, the global Human Development Index (HDI) has dropped for two years in a row, taking the world back to just after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement.
• Every year a few countries face declines on the HDI, but over 90 per cent of countries saw their HDI value drop in either 2020 or 2021.
• Furthermore, while only a third of very high HDI countries saw a decline in 2021 (compared with over 90 per cent in 2020), about 60 per cent of low and medium HDI and high HDI countries did (in 2021)”, the report notes.

Human Development Index- Indian Scenario
India ranked 132nd among 191 countries and territories on the 2021 Human Development Index (HDI). In the 2020 report, India had ranked 131st among 189 countries and territories. The decline in the country’s performance from its previous level was on account of a fall in life expectancy.

Human Development Index- Key points

• India’s latest HDI value of 0.633 places the country in the medium human development category, lower than its value of 0.645 in the 2020 report. The report attributes the drop in HDI from 0.645 in 2019 to 0.633 in 2021 to India’s falling life expectancy — from 69.7 years to 67.2 years during the survey period.
• India’s expected years of schooling stand at 11.9 years, down from 12.2 years in the 2020 report, although the mean years of schooling is up at 6.7 years from 6.5 years in the 2020 report.
• Although India retained its 132nd position in the Gender Development Index, the female life expectancy dropped from 71 years in the 2020 report to 68.8 years in the 2021 report.
• The mean years of schooling for females declined from 12.6 to 11.9 years in the corresponding period.
  India scored 0.123 in the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) with a headcount ratio of 27.9 per cent, with 8.8 per cent population reeling under severe multidimensional poverty.
• Over the last decade, India has lifted a staggering 271 million out of multidimensional poverty, the report noted.

Human Development Index- Asian Countries
Among India’s neighbours, Sri Lanka (73rd), China (79th), Bangladesh (129th), and Bhutan (127th) are ranked above India, while Pakistan (161st), Nepal (143rd), and Myanmar (149th) are worse off. The report said around 90 per cent of countries registered a decline in their HDI value in 2020 or in 2021.